Happy TravellerWelcome to Bayburt, a historic city located in northeast Turkey on the banks of the Çoruh River. With a population of 48,036 (2021), Bayburt is the seat of Bayburt Province and Bayburt District. This charming city was once an important center on the ancient Silk Road and was visited by Marco Polo and Evliya Çelebi. Today, Bayburt is a popular destination for tourists seeking to explore its rich history, natural wonders, and delicious cuisine.
Name and Etymology:
Bayburt was formerly written in Ottoman Turkish as بايبورد (Bayburd) and in English as Baiburt. The name derives from the medieval Armenian Baydbert (Բայտբերդ). In Movses of Khorens History of Armenia, the town is being named as Բայբերդ (Paypert). The name is thought to consist of two words, Bayd and Bert. The first one has been discussed so much but the true etymology is not clear yet. However, the second one is most probably an Armenian loanword bert (բերդ) meaning fortress.
History:
Bayburt has a rich and diverse history, having been settled or conquered by various empires and kingdoms throughout the centuries. It was part of Hayasa-Azzi, then was subsequently settled or conquered by the Cimmerians in the 8th century BC, the Medes in the 7th century BC, then the Achaemenid Empire, Yervandid Armenia, Pontus, Greater Armenia, Rome, the Byzantines, the Bagratid Armenian Kingdom, the Seljuk Turks, the Aq Qoyunlu, Safavid Persia, and then the Ottoman Turks. The town was the site of an Armenian fortress in the 1st century and may have been the Baiberdon fortified by the emperor Justinian. It was a stronghold of the Genovese in the late Middle Ages and prospered in the late 13th and early 14th century because of the commerce between Trebizond and Persia. It contained a mint under the Seljuks and Ilkhanids. From c. 1243 to 1266, Bayburt was under brief control of the Georgian princes of Samtskhe. A Christian church within the Bayburt castle was built in the 13th century under the Trapezuntine or Georgian influence. Under Ottoman rule, the town was the center of the Bayburt Sanjak in Erzurum Eyalet. When Erzurum was devastated in the early 16th century, Bayburt served for a time as the de facto capital of the province. The area was raided by the Safavids in 1553. Bayburt was captured by a Russian army under General Paskevich and its fortifications thoroughly demolished in 1829. It was the furthest westward reach of the Russians during that campaign. The British traveller and geologist William Hamilton commented on the ruins in the 1840s, though the population grew to 6000 by the 1870s. The bazaar, however, remained poor and the town long lacked industry. Prior to the First World War, the population of 10,000 was mostly Turkish with some Armenians.
Geography and Climate:
Bayburt is located on an open and fertile plateau on the route between Trabzon and Erzurum. The city has a continental climate with warm summers and cold winters. Precipitation is fairly frequent most of the year, with a peak in spring. The city gets frequent, but not necessarily heavy snow, the highest snow depth recorded was 110 cm (43.3 inches) in March 1976.
Sights:
Bayburt has several parks and open spaces like Aslan dağı Ormanı (Lion Mount Forest) Gençlik Parkı (Youth Park), Şehit Nusret Bahçesi (Martyr Nusret Gardens), and Yenişehir Parkı meaning New City Park. The city has 535.780 m2 (5,767.09 sq ft) of nursery areas, where young plants are raised for the forests of Bayburt. Also, there are two caves that visitors can see the interesting natural shapes of the stones. These caves are, Çimağıl Cave and Helva Village Ice Cave. Bayburt Castle stands on the steep rocks north of Bayburt. It was held by the Bagratuni Dynasty in the 9th, 10th, and 11th centuries. It was completely rebuilt by the Saltukid ruler Mugis-al-Din Tugrul Sah between 1200 and 1230, as attested by an inscription in the walls of the castle. The massive size of its walls and the quality of its masonry place it amongst the finest of all the castles in Anatolia but for its destruction by the Russians during the early nineteenth century. Rebuilding was done during the Ottoman period. The castle was inhabited till the destruction of 1829. Aydıntepe Underground City is located 45 km (28 mi) from Bayburt, the site consists of rock-cut galleries, vaulted rooms, and wider spaces excavated out of natural rock, without using any building material within 2–2.5 meters (6 ft 7 in – 8 ft 2 in) from the surface in the tuff. Vaulted galleries about one meter wide and 2 to 2.5 meters tall are expanding on both sides. The Dome of Dede Korkut is approximately 30 kilometers (19 mi) away from Bayburt, and is located in Masat village. It is located in the middle of the village’s graveyard, has been hosting plenty of people from many countries including Turkic countries because of Dede Korkut Culture and Art Festival since 1995, and it is held every July. The dome, also known as Ali Baba and Korkut Ata, was restored in 1994, and it was released to the public. It has gained importance after has been included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO in November 2018. The Baksı Museum stands near the Black Sea, 45 km (28 mi) from Bayburt on a hilltop overlooking the Çoruh Valley. Rising in what used to be called Baksı and is now the village of Bayraktar, this unusual museum offers contemporary art and traditional handicrafts side by side under one roof.
Sport:
Bayburt has a professional football stadium in the city and many private astroturfed sites. The local football club in Bayburt is Bayburt Özel İdarespor, which currently competes in the TFF Second League. Şalcilarspor played in the Third League between 1986 and 1988. There are many indoor swimming pools in Bayburt, among them the semi-olympic swimming pool is the most notable one. It is located in the city center opposite of the Yenişehir Park. The pool water is kept at the same temperature in summer and winter so that the users can enjoy the pool in the best possible way. The city also hosts winter sport activities, such as skiing. Ski resorts are located away from the city center.
Education:
Bayburt University is located at the center of the city, the university has several faculties such as Engineering, Arts and Sciences, and Administrative Sciences. The university also contains a guest house (Turkish: konukevi). There are several vocational schools.undefined
